The national church in Scotland; as it is completely independent from the state in spiritual matters, it is not however "established".
It has its roots in the Scottish Reformation of 1560, and the teachings of John Knox, who himself followed the teachings of John Calvin and his distinctive theology.
The Scottish Reformation (and the Church of Scotland) evolved a Presbyterian model of governance. The church is governed by councils at different levels - the local congregation by the Kirk Session, groups of congregations by the Presbytery, and ultimately by the General Assembly; until the 1990s there were also regional councils, or synods.